Before writing programs, I had to install Java, which is simple with the right resources. First, I downloaded the Java Development Kit (JDK) from Oracle or OpenJDK . Then I ran the installer, which sets up everything you need, including the compiler and runtime. Most modern installers handle the system path automatically. Finally, I tested it by creating a simple HelloWorld.java program, compiling it with javac HelloWorld.java, and running it with java HelloWorld. For detailed guidance, I found Oracle’s Java tutorials and JavaTpoint very helpful. Learning Java introduced me to object-oriented programming (OOP), a way of designing software around “objects” that model real-world concepts. OOP makes programs easier to maintain, reuse, and expand—skills that are useful whether you’re building small apps or large systems. I explored the four main principles of OOP : Encapsulation : Keeping data and the methods that act on it together in a class, controlling access to internal ...